PV Temperature Prediction Incorporating the Effect of Humidity and Cooling Due to Seawater Flow and Evaporation on Modules Simulating Floating PV Conditions

The temperature prediction for floating PV (FPV) must account the effect of humidity. In this work, steady-state Tpv and transient conditions Tpv(t) incorporates humidity cooling due to seawater (s.w.) splashing evaporation on modules. proposed formulas take as main inputs in-plane solar irradiance, wind speed, ambient temperature, relative (RH), s.w. temperature. effects layer from module are theoretically described considering layer’s thickness using Navier–Stokes equations. measurements were taken before after c-Si modules at seashore inland. predictions compared measured values showed very good agreement. 55% RH versus 45% inland caused decrease by 18%. end flow 50–75 mL/s/m was 35–51% lower than This profile depends splashing, lasts about 1 min, is attributed higher convection, water cooling, efficiency FPV estimated be 4–11.5%